![]() To maps, therefore, the interpreter must be able to correlate photos with maps quickly and accurately. However in the dissemination of photo intelligence, a constant reference is made The scale of a map limits the number of conventional signs that can be shown, while such features as paths, hedges, fields, and individual houses are all clearly visible on a photo. A map is a graphic representation, whereas a photo is an actual picture and as such will show ground features in far more detail. (1) Training in map reading must precede training in photo interpretation since the photo interpreter uses maps constantly in his work. ![]() When photographed from above, common objects may, to the untrained observer, appear unidentifiable, but as a result of experience the photo interpreter learns to immediately recognize objects by their characteristics. Efficiency in interpretation of air photos comes from constant practice. The photo interpreter can also assist in the production of technical intelligence by furnishing interpretation reports of new developments of the enemy.Ī. These data may be used in the planning and conduct of both combat and strategic operations. In the production of combat and strategic intelligence the photo interpreter furnishes information regarding the enemy defenses, targets, mosaics, beach conditions and silhouettes, flak maps, airfields, industries, terrain, maps and charts, etc. The photo interpreter produces many and varied types of military information suitable for conversion into all the various types of intelligence. It is difficult for the enemy to keep anything secret long as it can be photographed, for despite the enemy's attempt to conceal and camouflage his activities, there remains little he can hide from the prying eye of the air camera.Ĥ. Photography has a tremendous advantage over visual reconnaissance in that a section of the country becomes frozen for study. Photo reconnaissance is the most convenient, accurate, andĮffective means of gathering quick and reliable information about enemy terrain, forces, and equipment. With fast, long-range aircraft, equipped with a multiple large-scale cameras, photo reconnaissance has become one of the most important single sources of information about the enemy. There are many sources of military information about the enemy in wartime such as visual reconnaissance, captured documents, prisoners of war, wireless intercepts, spies and agents, and photo reconnaissance. Army Engineer and Signal Corps publications will provide the Army photo interpreter with complete studies on terrain evaluation, aerial spot coverage, supporting ground photography, photo reproduction, and dissemination procedures. Air Force and Naval photo interpretation publications will provide the Army photo interpreter with complete studies on industry, electronics, airfields, bridges, railroads, bomb damage assessment, flak analysis, supply depots, waterways, beach obstacles, shore defenses, port and harbor facilities, and other subjects of mutual interest to military services. ![]() The Army photo interpreter will be concerned with many subjects which are not covered in this manual. However, the manual also contains helpful reminders and guides intended to aid the Army photo interpreter in the execution of his duties.ī. It is mainly a series of photo interpretation keys on specific subjects. This manual covers the interpretation of major items of military activity normally encountered by Army photo interpreters in the field. It will be a useful reference for Army photo interpreters.Ī. This Army supplement will serve as a training aid for instruction in photo interpretation of military activity of primary interest to ground forces. Throughout this manual, the joint publication will be referred to as the PI Handbook. The purpose of this manual is to provide a pictorial supplement to the basic "Photographic Interpretation Handbook" (TM 30-245), prepared jointly by the Navy, Air Force, and Army, November 1952. *This manual supersedes TM 5-246, 31 December 1942.ĬHECK LIST FOR REQUESTING TACTICAL AIR RECONNAISSANCE GROUND FORCE PHOTO INTERPRETATION (GENERAL)
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